In the article, "Reducing Prejudice: Combating Intergroup bias"(1999) by John Dovidio and Samuel Gaertner, they assert that the problem of prejudice in not only America but around the world can be defeated if it is handled in the proper way. They support their claims by providing studies and theories that would prove their position correct. Their purpose is to educate people on how these prejudice form in order to help battle the social discrimination that takes place every day. Their intended audience is researchers and students who are trying to further understand the roots of racism.

5 questions-about 400 words

1.) There is currently a trash patch in the pacific ocean the size of Texas and it is still growing due to pollution. This causes a huge problem for the animals that call the pacific ocean their home, they and dying everyday from the floating plastic trash dump.

2.) The animals living in the pacific are currently being most affected by the trash dump, but it will soon affect us much more when it finally stretches from coast to coast and starts ruining the beaches and ocean front views that we enjoy so much.

3.) With much suprise of course, we are the cause of this problem. The human race continues to destroy the planet we inhabit with our wasteful mindsets and idea of instantanious gratifaction. We continue to use and produce more and more plastic, but if plastic never breaks down why would we not recycle it? Why would we continue to ruin the world we live in? Hopefully these questions will soon be answered and we can find out why we are the root cause of this very large problem.

4.) There are a few people that attempt to help this problem, but their efforts seem futile considering that more trash is finding its way into this great trash dump everyday.

5.) If this problem is not solved, it will eventually consume all of the pacific and turn a beautiful ocean into a circling bowl of trash soup.

Working Thesis-paper # 2

The great garbage patch in the pacific ocean is the largest envionmental footprint of our time; it is slowly engulfing and destroying more and more of our pacific ocean, but we can help solve this problem by reducing the amount of plastic used, recycling all of our used plastics and last create a biodegradable version of our modern plastic bottles and containters.

Rhetorical Precis-paper #2

In the article The world's rubbish dump: a garbage tip that stretches from Hawaii to Japan, by Kathy Marks and Daniel Howden; they assert that the trash vortex that is engulfing the pacific is a huge problem for us and our enviornment. They support their thesis by giving statistics about the pastics effects on the envionment and using emotional appeal to get you to take their side. They believe that this article will help show the negative effects of our pollution, in order to help us solve a larger problem and clean up our enviornment.The intended audience would be the general public because it is written to inform people of a growing problem.

Rhetorical precis and citations

In their article "Analyzing US Policies for Alternative Automotive Fuels" (1991), Alan Manne and Michael Rothkopf asserts that we are and will continue to work towards alternative fuels. While we are using more, we are also finding more ways to become efficient, and we will continue to do so until and alternative fuel source has been reached. The purpose of this article is to analyze what our government it doing to obtain these goals. The article is intended for students or researchers who may are looking for scholarly sources, because it uses quantitative data and a professional tone.

In the article "Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Use of Fossil Fuels in Asia: an overview" (1996), Toufig Siddiqi asserts the damages caused by the use of fossil fuels. He shows the correlation between the usage of fossil fuels and the rise in carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere, which could cause our ozone to break down. The purpose is to sway the reader into becoming more eco-friendly, and taking better care of the earth we live on. This article is intended for researches and students because of its professional tone and large vocabulary.

In the article "The US Ethanol and Biofuels Boom: Its Origins, Current Status, and Future Prospects" (2008), Wallace Tyner asserts the status of our on-going search for an alternative fuel. He shows where we have come from and how that can effect where we will go in the future when it comes to alternative fuels. With this information we can choose an alternative fuel in order to solve the world energy crisis. This article is intended for researchers and prospective students because of it's professional tone and language. 

In the article "The Abatement of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles" (1995), Laurie Michaelis asserts that alternative fuels will put the internal combustion engine out of date. She shows the reasons that the internal combustion engine will fall into the realm of obsolete technology. The purpose of this work is to get people to buy alternative fuel vehicles in order to save ourselves the money in the long run. The intended audience are researchers and students because of its professional language and content. 

In the article "Electricity generation: options for reduction in carbon emissions" (2002), H. W. Whittington asserts that there are other ways to gather electricity than to burn fossil fuels. He shows how CO2 can break down our ozone and cause health problems as a result from the burning of fossil fuels. The purpose of this work is to get people to invest in other means of electricity in order to make our planet healthier. The intended audience are students and researchers because of its professional tone and language.

In the article "Biodiesel: Cultivating Alternative Fuels" (2007), Charles Schmidt asserts that existing surpluses can be used as energy resources. He shows how biodiesel has come about and is starting to change the idea of alternative fuels. The purpose is to help people understand how biodiesel is made in order for people to start investing in that idea. The intended audience are researchers and students because of the professional tone and language.

In the article "The Economics of Ethanol" (2002), Carol Potera asserts that economically ethanol is just ridiculous. She shows this by showing the route to making ethanol fuel and how it disproves the statement that it will free us from dependence of oil. The purpose is to show how ethanol is made in order to show how it is economically irresponsible to produce. The intended audience is the general public, any one who is interested in the environment or may be doing research.

Analyzing US Policies for Alternative Automotive Fuels

Alan S. Manne and Michael H. Rothkopf

Interfaces , Vol. 21, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1991), pp. 34-47

Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Use of Fossil Fuels in Asia: An Overview

Toufiq A. Siddiqi

Ambio , Vol. 25, No. 4, Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Mitigation Strategies in Asia and the Pacific (Jun., 1996), pp. 229-232

The US Ethanol and Biofuels Boom: Its Origins, Current Status, and Future Prospects

Wallace E. Tyner

BioScience , Vol. 58, No. 7 (July/August 2008), pp. 646-653

The Abatement of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles: The Role of Alternative Fuels

Laurie Michaelis

Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , Vol. 29, No. 1, Motor Vehicle Air Pollution (Jan., 1995), pp. 71-84

Electricity Generation: Options for Reduction in Carbon Emissions

H. W. Whittington

Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences , Vol. 360, No. 1797, Carbon, Biodiversity, Conservation and Income: An Analysis of a Free-Market Approach to Land-Use Change and Forestry in Developing and Developed Countries (Aug. 15, 2002), pp. 1653-1668

Biodiesel: Cultivating Alternative Fuels

Charles W. Schmidt

Environmental Health Perspectives , Vol. 115, No. 2 (Feb., 2007), pp. A86-A91

Alternative Fuels: The Economics of Ethanol

Carol Potera

Environmental Health Perspectives , Vol. 110, No. 1 (Jan., 2002), p. A18

Working Thesis

Due to the struggling economy and high prices of oil it is clear that we need to find an alternative fuel; ethanol, bio-diesel, and hydrogen are among the leading sources that could help make this world a much cleaner and safer world.

Working Thesis

Clinical Psychology is a legitimate field of psychology because of the people it has touched, its large contributions of research, and last the effects of clinical psychology are worldwide.

Rhetorical Precis-

In the book "What is Contemporary Clinical Psychology?"(2011) by " Thomas G. Plante claims that clinical psychology is the real deal; despite many allegations against the fields legitimacy. The author establishes the main ideas behind the field and shows how it has become what it is today, with these advancements in mind he goes on to show how clinical psychology and various forms of therapy have helped and will continue to help the  part of the population that needs their help. The author shows the timeline of clinical psychology in order to help  people understand how clinical psychology has become the complex field it is today. The book is intended for college students or perspective psychologist, it uses terms that are specific to the field so a brief background in psychology would be helpful before reading.

10-15 questions

1.) What is psychology? 2.) How did clinical psychology come about? 3.) What does being a clinical psychologist entail? 4.) What is a placebo? 5.) How could clinical psychology and the placebo effect be connected? 6.) Is it possible that an entire field of psychology is a fraud? 7.) Is there any legitimate research to prove that clinical psychology doesn't work? 8.) Likewise, is there any research proving that clinical psychology is not a fraud but a legitimate profession that helps people in need? 9.) What could happen to the many clinical psychologist around the country if its found to be a fraud? 10.) If it does rely on the placebo effect why do so many patients continue to go back? 11.) What is the success rate for patients who have been seen only by a clinical psychologist? 12.) How does that number compare to the success rates of other placebo effect experiments?

Rhetorical Precis Ch. 3

In chapter three of "Good Reasons" (2012), Jack Selzer and Lester Faigley claim that to better yourself when it comes to writing arguments you need to find a topic, read it and finally find good reasons and support for those reasons. The authors support their points by using bumper stickers or slogans as examples to prove that arguments need support. Their purpose was to persuade young writers into researching their arguments in order to write educated arguments. The book is purely educational, and it is intended to composition students.

Rhetorical Precis Ch. 2

In chapter two of Good Reasons(2012), by Jack Selzer and Lester Faigley asserts that the first step to writing a good argument is to read the opposing argument; fallowed by finding fallacies and last mapping out your argument. They prove their point by using the edge of technology to show how we can make good arguments, and better our writing. The authors challenge to us all is to better our selves as writers and in order to do that we must read and study other writers. Their tone seems to be strictly educational, and is mainly focused on composition students.

Rhetorical Precis

Good Reasons by Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer is an informative novel that asserts the importance of good logical arguing and ways to strengthen your arguments. The authors support this by showing what an argument is, how to argue responsibly and explaining the importance of credibility in arguments. By using the information given one can learn how to persuade people through their arguments; which is very important in order to make yourself a better writer. The authors seem to be well-educated, which makes understanding their point very easy; they also apply the content to the life of a college student which helps show how people like myself can use their ideas.

snowboarding

Snowboarding originated in 1965 when a man by the name of Sherman Poppen fastened two skis's together and attached a rope to the front of it, as a gift for his daughter, it has since grown and evolved into the extreme sport that it has become today. In 1977 Jake Burton Carpenter stunned crowds by attaching bindings to the board, also he opened Burton Snowboards later that year. From there the sport took off, with other big companies coming about everywhere; they all helped shape the sport into what it is today.